The Karakum Canal (Qaraqum Canal, Kara Kum Canal, Garagum Canal; Russian: Каракумский канал, Karakumskiy Kanal, Turkmen: Garagum kanaly, گَرَگوُم كَنَلیٛ, Гарагум каналы) in Turkmenistan is one of the largest irrigation and water supply canals in the world. Started in 1954, and completed in 1988, it is navigable over much of its 1,375-kilometre (854 mi) length, and carries 13 cubic kilometres (3.1 cu mi) of water annually from the Amu-Darya River across the Karakum Desert in Turkmenistan. The canal opened up huge new tracts of land to agriculture, especially to cotton monoculture heavily promoted by the Soviet Union, and supplying Ashgabat with a major source of water. The canal is also a major factor leading to the Aral Sea environmental disaster. The Soviet regime planned to at some time extend the canal to the Caspian Sea.
History
The current Karakum Canal was not the first major attempt to bring the Amu-Darya water to the Karakums. In the early 1950s, construction began on the Main Turkmen Canal (Russian: Главный Туркменский канал), which would start at a much more northerly location (near Nukus), and run southwest toward Krasnovodsk. The canal would have used around 25 percent of the Amu-Darya's water. The works were abandoned after the death of Joseph Stalin, the current Karakum Canal route being chosen instead. Reservoirs such as Hanhowuz Reservoir were created to help regulate it.
Karakum Canal, Turkmenistán, URSS. La construcción de este canal de riego, uno de los mayores canales en el mundo, comenzó en 1954. Fue terminado en 1988. Es 1375 kilómetros de largo, y lleva el agua a través del desierto de Karakum. El desierto de Karakum de Asia Central cubre un área de unos 350.000 kilómetros cuadrados, que abarca más de dos tercios de Turkmenistán. Karakum Canal 2
Karakum Canal
Karakum Canal, Turkmenistán, URSS. La construcción de este canal de riego, uno de los mayores canales en el mundo, comenzó en 1954. Fue terminado en 1988. Es 1375 kilómetros de largo, y lleva el agua a través del desierto de Karakum. El desierto de Karakum de Asia Central cubre un área de unos 350.000 kilómetros cuadrados, que abarca más de dos tercios de Turkmenistán. Karakum Canal 2
Karakum Canal
Karakum Canal 3
Karakum Canal
Karakum Canal 3
Karakum Canal
Karakum Canal 4
Karakum Canal
Karakum Canal 4
Karakum Canal
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Karakum Canal
Karakum Canal 5
Karakum Canal
Karakum Canal 6
Karakum Canal
Karakum Canal 6
Karakum Canal
Zeid reservoir, Basaga. Karakum Canal 7
Karakum Canal
Zeid reservoir, Basaga. Karakum Canal 7
Karakum Canal
Big Kala-Kala, Mary. Karakum Canal 8
Karakum Canal
Big Kala-Kala, Mary. Karakum Canal 8
Karakum Canal
Mary. Karakum Canal 9
Karakum Canal
Mary. Karakum Canal 9
Karakum Canal
Mary. Karakum Canal 10
Karakum Canal
Mary. Karakum Canal 10
Karakum Canal
The Karakum Canal (lower right) and the Hanhowuz Reservoir. Karakum Canal 11
Karakum Canal
The Karakum Canal (lower right) and the Hanhowuz Reservoir. Karakum Canal 11
Karakum Canal
Tejen. Karakum Canal 12
Karakum Canal
Tejen. Karakum Canal 12
Karakum Canal
Near the centre of this true-colour image, the Kurtlinskoye Reservoir glows like a bright blue-green jewel. Elsewhere, however, the arid landscape appears as a patchwork of earth tones, from deep brown to pale beige. Urbanized areas follow a generally diagonal line from the north-west to the south-east, and cityscape appears especially concentrated south-east of the reservoir. Along the city’s margins, cultivated fields appear as irregular rectangles, alternating between deep green and brown. In the north-east, the meandering patches of deep brown-green show where natural vegetation has concentrated along waterways. Ashgabat. Karakum Canal 13
Karakum Canal
Near the centre of this true-colour image, the Kurtlinskoye Reservoir glows like a bright blue-green jewel. Elsewhere, however, the arid landscape appears as a patchwork of earth tones, from deep brown to pale beige. Urbanized areas follow a generally diagonal line from the north-west to the south-east, and cityscape appears especially concentrated south-east of the reservoir. Along the city’s margins, cultivated fields appear as irregular rectangles, alternating between deep green and brown. In the north-east, the meandering patches of deep brown-green show where natural vegetation has concentrated along waterways. Ashgabat. Karakum Canal 13
Karakum Canal
Ashgabat. Karakum Canal 14
Karakum Canal
Ashgabat. Karakum Canal 14
Karakum Canal
Ashgabat. Karakum Canal 15
Karakum Canal
Ashgabat. Karakum Canal 15
Karakum Canal
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Karakum Canal
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Karakum Canal
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Karakum Canal
Ashgabat. Karakum Canal 17
Karakum Canal
Ashgabat. Karakum Canal 18
Karakum Canal
Ashgabat. Karakum Canal 18
Karakum Canal
Kurtlinsky water basin. Karakum Canal 19
Karakum Canal
Kurtlinsky water basin. Karakum Canal 19
Karakum Canal
Mosque. Gökdepe. Karakum Canal 20
Karakum Canal
Mosque. Gökdepe. Karakum Canal 20
Karakum Canal
Kopetdag Reservoir. Karakum Canal 21
Karakum Canal
Kopetdag Reservoir. Karakum Canal 21
Karakum Canal
Kopetdag Reservoir. Karakum Canal 22
Karakum Canal
Kopetdag Reservoir. Karakum Canal 22
Karakum Canal
Entrance to Bäherden. Karakum Canal 23
Karakum Canal
Entrance to Bäherden. Karakum Canal 23
Karakum Canal
Bereket. Karakum Canal 24
Karakum Canal
Bereket. Karakum Canal 24
Karakum Canal
Etrek. Karakum Canal 25
Karakum Canal
Etrek. Karakum Canal 25
Karakum Canal
Balkanabat. Karakum Canal 26
Karakum Canal
Balkanabat. Karakum Canal 26
Karakum Canal
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Karakum Canal
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Karakum Canal
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Karakum Canal
Balkanabat. Karakum Canal 28
Karakum Canal
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Karakum Canal
Balkanabat. Karakum Canal 29
Karakum Canal
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Karakum Canal
Balkanabat. Karakum Canal 30
Karakum Canal
Grúas en el sitio de la construcción del Karakum Canal en el desierto de Karakum, Turkmenistán, URSS, 1983. Digging the canal. Karakum Canal 31
Karakum Canal
Grúas en el sitio de la construcción del Karakum Canal en el desierto de Karakum, Turkmenistán, URSS, 1983. Digging the canal. Karakum Canal 31
Karakum Canal
Water quality: Amu Darya River. A map displaying levels of water pollution in the Amu Darya river. Karakum Canal 32
Karakum Canal
Water quality: Amu Darya River. A map displaying levels of water pollution in the Amu Darya river. Karakum Canal 32
Karakum Canal
Map. Karakum Canal 33
Karakum Canal
Map. Karakum Canal 33
Karakum Canal
Map. Karakum Canal 34
Karakum Canal
Map. Karakum Canal 34
Karakum Canal
Map. Karakum Canal 35
Karakum Canal
Map. Karakum Canal 35
Karakum Canal
Map. Karakum Canal 36
Karakum Canal
Map. Karakum Canal 36
Karakum Canal
Map. Karakum Canal 37
Karakum Canal
Map. Karakum Canal 37
Karakum Canal
Map. Karakum Canal 38
Karakum Canal
Map. Karakum Canal 38
Karakum Canal
Karakum Canal
Karakum Canal
Karakum Canal
Karakum Canal
Karakum Canal
Karakum Canal
Karakum Canal
Karakum Canal
Karakum Canal
Karakum Canal
Karakum Canal
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